Crass
Description
Crass were an English anarchist punk rock band, formed in 1977 which promoted anarchism as a political ideology, way of living, and as a resistance movement. Crass popularized the seminal peace punk movement and advocated direct action, animal rights, and environmentalism. The band used the "Do It Yourself" approach to produce sound collages, graphics, albums and films. Crass also criticized and attempted to subvert the dominant culture with messages promoting feminism, anti-racism, anti-war, and anti-globalization.
Crass practiced its "direct action" philosophy by spray-painting stencilled graffiti messages around the London Underground system and on advertising billboards, coordinating squats, and organizing political action. The band also expressed its ideals by dressing in black, military surplus-style clothing and using a stage backdrop which amalgamated several "icons of authority" including the Christian Cross, the swastika and the Union Flag.
The band were critical of the punk movement itself, as well as wider youth culture in general. Crass promoted the type of anarcho-pacifism that eventually became more common in the punk music scene (see also anarcho-punk).